Over several decades, a combination of historical, economic, and political factors have influenced the multifaceted phenomenon of Vietnamese return migration from Cambodia. This article examines the return migration of Vietnamese from a historical perspective with document and contextual analysis, revealing a broader picture of the socio-economic and political dynamics in Cambodia and the historical relationship between Cambodia and Vietnam. Before the 1990s, return migration was significantly influenced by colonial-era migration policies and pervasive anti-Vietnamese sentiments. These factors led to violent repression and forced evictions under regimes such as Lon Nol and the Khmer Rouge, profoundly impacting the Vietnamese community in Cambodia. In contrast, administrative governance and economic factors have become the key determinants of Vietnamese return migration in the contemporary period. Understanding the underlying causes and mechanisms that create the situation for Vietnamese in Cambodia and their return is crucial, serving as a basis for addressing their current challenges and promoting their social integration in both countries.

Sustainable development is a crucial issue that has been particularly emphasized by the Party and the Government of Vietnam, especially in areas with a large population of ethnic minorities. The Southern Central Highlands is currently home to nearly 50 ethnic groups, among which local ethnic minorities such as the Ê Đê, K’ho, and M’nông are striving to develop their economy, culture, and society sustainably. However, this development process faces numerous challenges from both objective and subjective factors, including natural conditions, government development policies, ethnic psychology, and religious factors. At present, Catholicism and Protestantism are the two main religions within the ethnic minority communities of the Southern Central Highlands. Introduced to the region from the late 19th to early 20th century, these two religions flourished in the second half of the 20th century and have become major elements in the spiritual lives of the communities. Religion has had and continues to have significant impacts on the economic, cultural, and social development of local ethnic minorities, contributing positively to the process of sustainable development. This article uses data collected from the community through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and survey questionnaires to analyze the impact of religion on the economic, cultural, environmental, and social aspects of local ethnic minorities in the South Central Highlands in the context of sustainable development.

The main purpose of this study is to examine the impact of credit risk management on profitability of commercial banks in Vietnam. While the existing literature emphasizes the necessity for a more in-depth study and additional empirical evidence to elucidate intricate relationships between market dynamics and credit risk, particularly in the context of commercial banks in Southeast Asia, there remains a gap in comprehensive studies, with a specific focus on Vietnam. The secondary data was collected from 20 commercial banks from the country for the period of 11 years, from 2012 to 2022. The study used non-performing loans ratio (NPLR), capital adequacy ratio (CAR) as well as loan-loss provision ratio (LLPR) as proxies of credit risk while the financial performance is measured by return on equity (ROE). Moreover, the bank's characteristics, such as its size (SIZE), the macroeconomic inflation rate (INF), and a dummy variable that looks at how ownership type (OWN) affects the bank's profitability are all applied to quantify the independent variables. The model does not exhibit the multicollinearity issue, according to the mean Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) data. The regression results reveal that SIZE, CAR and INF variables have a significant positive effect on ROE, while the NPLR variable has an opposite significant effect on ROE. Nevertheless, there is no connection between the ROE-measured financial performance of commercial banks and the OWN or LLPR variables. This offers further valuable insights to bankers and policy makers in credit risk management of commercial banks in Vietnam to enhance the stability of the Vietnamese banking system.

Vocational guidance plays an important role in career orientation for secondary students. Before entering the secondary school graduation exam, schools around the country start to organize career counseling. This urgent issue drives parents, teachers, and students up the wall, especially students are the learners who directly suffer from this consequence leading to students’ mental health issues. The study aim is to find out the optimal solution that helps students overcome the high pressure of vocational counseling before the graduation exam. In this inquiry, quantitative research is the best method to focus on surveying students’ awareness based on comparative research which is typical research, and via this exploration to evaluate the research object comprehensively. The comparative research is applied in this article to discover the differences between vocational guidance before and after the 10th-grade entrance exam towards poorer and lower-scoring students. This study is put into operation at Chu Van An secondary school – in Binh Duong province – academic year 2023-2024 and the students of grade 9 are research objects which are chosen to answer survey questions. According to survey tables, more than 93.3% of students with poorer and lower scores select vocational guidance after the secondary school graduation exam and 6.7% of students take the reverse one. What we need to think about is whether this way of present career counseling is feasible

ABSTRACT Cooking oil is an indispensable ingredient in everyday family cooking. The oil after use is often discharged directly into wastewater systems, leading to risks of environmental pollution, water pollution, clogging of drainage systems... In recent years, water hyacinth plants have been considered weeds, floating on rivers, canals, ponds and lakes, obstructing the circulation of boats and preventing water flow. Water hyacinth plants are often found in large rivers and almost no one cares about their uses, making them truly wasteful. Realizing the flexibility of water hyacinth when dried, it can be woven into pieces with good absorbent properties, our team has researched using water hyacinth as a material to absorb used cooking oil that is discarded into the environment. school. The research uses the main methods of experimental method and sample analysis method in its research. The result is that a product that absorbs discarded cooking oil scum is formed and is tested for cooking oil contaminated water with results consistent with QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT. The purpose of the research is to find effective products to absorb discarded cooking oil to save costs and contribute to environmental protection. The problem of using naturally available materials to create products that absorb cooking oil scum at the same time solves two current environmental problems. The research is a preliminary result, so there are still many shortcomings. We hope that in the future there will be further research to make the product more and more perfect

As the number of healthcare facilities increases, stringent management of wastewater treatment systems becomes imperative. This study investigates a wastewater treatment system designed for a general clinic in Bình Dương Province, Vietnam, which complies with Vietnamese environmental standards. The clinic, located in Bến Cát City, serves approximately 200 patients per day and generates an average wastewater volume of 1.7m³/day. The treatment system, with a capacity of 10m³/day, employs a combination of biological and chemical methods, including anoxic and aerobic processes, to efficiently reduce pollutants. Results indicate that the treated wastewater meets the QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT, column A standards, ensuring minimal environmental impact when discharged into the Thi Tinh River. The study demonstrates the system's effectiveness in managing hospital wastewater, contributing to environmental protection and public health.

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the wastewater management system implemented at a medical center located within the Bau Bang Industrial Park in Binh Duong province, Vietnam. With a staff of 166 and 60 beds, the facility operates in accordance with TCVN 4470:2012 General Hospital design standards, serving a diverse range of water demands including domestic, medical, and auxiliary requirements. The wastewater management system is meticulously designed to handle both rainwater and wastewater separately. Rainwater is efficiently collected through surface and roof drainage networks, while domestic and medical wastewater undergo discrete collection processes. The medical center's wastewater treatment facility, operating at a capacity of 100 m³/day, employs a multistage treatment process to ensure compliance with stringent regulatory standards (QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT, column B, K = 1). This process includes preliminary treatment, anaerobic and aerobic biological treatment, membrane filtration, and disinfection. The facility consistently meets quality parameters outlined in QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT, exhibiting effective removal rates for organic pollutants, suspended solids, ammonia, phosphates, and pathogens. Furthermore, the medical center demonstrates commendable environmental stewardship through its stormwater drainage infrastructure, which integrates seamlessly with the local drainage network, safeguarding against environmental contamination. Overall, the wastewater management practices at the medical center exemplify best practices in environmental management within the healthcare sector. This study provides valuable insights into the design, implementation, and performance evaluation of wastewater treatment systems in industrial settings, contributing to the global discourse on sustainable wastewater management practices.

English language proficiency is crucial for academic and professional success, with effective communication skills playing a pivotal role. Collaborative teaching methods, particularly group work, can significantly enhance students' creativity, evaluation, synthesis, analysis, and comparison, as well as problem-solving, essential for developing collaborative abilities. Furthermore, non-English major students often struggle to develop their speaking skills due to limited practice opportunities. This study addresses this challenge by implementing group-work activities in an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom. A mixed-methods approach was used to gather data including quantitative data collected through a questionnaire administered to 71 non-major students at Dong Nai Technology University and qualitative data came from semi-structured interviews. The results showed that group work significantly improved students' fluency, coherence, and confidence. Students reported increased motivation and engagement in speaking activities. These findings suggest that group-work activities effectively enhance speaking skills for non-English major students.

Binh Duong Province is one of the leading regions in Vietnam in attracting foreign investment, with thousands of expatriates living and working in the province. The demand for an international education environment (in-country study abroad) among parents and students in the province is increasing. Additionally, the current globalization trend and international integration demand a high-quality workforce with adaptability and international integration skills, requiring educational institutions to innovate to keep up with the rapidly changing society. Given the situation and trends, establishing an international high school under Thu Dau Mot University (TDMU) is necessary to meet the demand for high-quality human resources in Binh Duong Province, serving the economic, social development, and international integration of the province, the Southeast region, and the whole country. Furthermore, the establishment of an international high school by TDMU also contributes to enhancing TDMU’s position, image, and reputation within the national and international education systems. This article analyzes the strengths, weaknesses, challenges, and opportunities of TDMU in establishing an international high school, thereby providing implementation directions in the context of the economic and social situation in Binh Duong Province.

The article explores the influence of the mother tongue (Vietnamese) on practicing to develop first-year students’ English writing skills at Thu Dau Mot University. Analytical data was collected from 100 first-year students majoring in English Language at the Faculty of Foreign Languages - Thu Dau Mot University. Research results show that students are still greatly influenced by Vietnamese (first language) in the process of practicing English writing skills. Among the students surveyed, up to 58.4% said they were still influenced by the way of thinking in Vietnamese, and then switched to English to follow the writing style of Vietnamese. … The remaining % said they had practiced writing in English through many writing activities at English centers and had practiced writing through thinking in English. The rest of the article proposes some solutions to help students overcome the above barriers to develop effective writing skills.

ABSTRACT Nowadays, parents' needs are increasing to choose toys, especially painting colors, that are both beautiful, ensure their children's health, and are also environmentally friendly. In the production of industrial painting colors, waste from steps in the watercolor production line, if not treated to meet environmental standards according to regulations, will become a huge hazard to the environment and human health. human. Including causing skin, eye, digestive, and respiratory allergies. Causes poisoning, disease, cancer... Destroys the aquatic environment, trees, pollutes rivers and lakes. When building an industrial painting colors production line and putting it into use, if you do not think about solutions to treat wastewater from the production process, it will not be able to operate long term. Wastewater from color factories is mainly heavy metals contained in painting colors such as lead carbonate, oxide, and metal salts containing cadmium chromate. These substances cause mass death of organisms in the water, and polluted water cannot be used for agriculture. This research uses two main methods: experimental research to create products; combined with the questionnaire survey method to get customer opinions after using the painting colors test. Research results show that painting colors products made from fruits and vegetables combined with beeswax and coconut oil are very eye-catching and receive positive feedback from customers. With the im of protecting children in the future and responding to the green environmental message in the world, we hope that safe painting colors products from vegetables and fruits will be popularized in the community in the future. Keywords: vegetables, painting colors, environmental protection, safe products, beeswax.

The act of picking fruit is very familiar and associated with the history of hunting, catching, gathering, and gathering of humans, so they have come up with many types of tools for this job. The practice of wrapping fruit in bags before harvest has only been applied recently, so it is still very new and rudimentary. These tools only perform each function individually. Therefore, the author has inherited and proposed a tool that has two functions at the same time: wrapping bags and picking fruit at high altitude. This article presents the structure, operating principles, and instructions for using this tool. This tool is compact, inexpensive, and easy to use. It consists of a long handle, a set of clamps that close and open, and a control cable connecting from the top to the middle of the handle. Farmers just need to stand on the ground, put the clamps over the fruit, and pull the control cable to make the clamps close or open. From there, they can wrap bag or pick fruits from high above easily. This research will help farmers have a tool that has two functions, which certainly has many advantages and is useful for farmers. Keywords: cloth bags, cover fruit bags, fruit pickers, plastic bags, tools.

Phytoremediation is an ecofriendly that has shown promising results for the contaminants like heavy metals. Because of its advantages as a cost-effective, efficient, environment- and eco-friendly technology based on the use of metal-accumulating plants. This paper aims to compile some information about heavy metals of arsenic, cadmium, lead, copper and zinc (As, Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) sources, effects and their treatment. It also reviews deeply about phytoremediation technology, including the heavy metal uptake mechanisms and several research studies associated about heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) and aquatic plants are used to process these heavy metals.

Hoi An is a well-known travel destination for both Vietnamese and foreign visitors, not only because it has a cultural heritage recognized by UNESCO but also because of its other cultural resources, including craft villages. Serving as both attractions and experiences for tourists, craft villages give them the opportunity to create unique mementos of their vacation while also boosting household income and elevating the status of craft villages. How is Hoi An's tourism industry exploiting this resource in tourism? The article conducts a scientific investigation of the role and current state of crafts in the production of souvenirs for tourism in general, particularly in Hoi An's craft villages such as Thanh Ha pottery and Kim Bong carpentry village, using research on souvenirs, observation techniques, and field excursions. The findings demonstrate that handicraft souvenirs are few, have less appealing designs, and have to compete hard with souvenirs from other localities. These results will facilitate the collaborative efforts of Hoi An's tourism stakeholders to identify strategies that guarantee the advantages that tourism brings to craft villages and vice versa.

Abstract: Urban agriculture is a highly concerned issue during the period of rapid urbanization in Vietnam. Research aims to propose a cultivation process for cultivating oyster mushrooms, utilizing coffee grounds from coffee businesses as a resource. This approach promotes circular economy principles, generating economic benefits for households while protecting the environment and being suitable for urban areas. The study conducted experiments on grey oyster mushrooms using different mixtures of coffee grounds and rubber wood sawdust at the following ratios: 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% coffee grounds/rubber wood sawdust, filled into bags with a weight of 1.2kg. The research results showed that disease infection rates were mild in the 0% and 25% mixture ratios, while the remaining ratios exhibited moderate to severe infection levels. The highest mushroom yield was observed in the mixture ratio of 25% coffee grounds, with an average number of mushroom ears per bag reaching 29.7grams/bag, the dry weight is 63.8 grams/bag, with an average size ranging from 3 to 14 cm and a moisture content of 79.5%. The fastest colonization speed on the substrate is achieved by 25%, 50% coffee grounds blend, which fully colonizes the bag in a period of 25 to 35 days, the shortest time compared to the 75% and 100% coffee grounds blends, which take 40 to 45 days. The experimental results show that the 25% coffee grounds: 75% rubber sawdust blend is suitable for urban mushroom cultivation models and can be expanded on a large-scale farm, contributing to minimizing environmental pollution, utilizing limited urban land area, and providing high economic efficiency.

In recent times, there has been a rapid surge in the advancement of technologies associated with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), particularly in the domains of sensors, networking, and processing. Consequently, substantial investments from both governments and industries have been directed towards the exploration of UAVs, aiming to enhance their performance for secure and dependable deployments. The evolution of design methodologies and the exploration of UAV systems have transitioned from single UAV applications to encompass multi-UAVs and cooperative UAV systems. These systems necessitate a heightened level of coordination and collaboration to execute tasks, demanding innovative networking models, approaches, and mechanisms tailored for highly mobile nodes, encompassing numerous intricate parameters and constraints. The present paper provides comprehensive insights and conducts a meticulous examination of UAV communication protocols, networking systems, architectures, and applications. Furthermore, it delves into UAV solutions while underscoring critical technical challenges and unresolved research issues that warrant further investigation and dedicated research and development endeavors. In this paper, we study some problems and solutions for The Command and Control (C2) aspect of UAV communication systems. We also give some directions for research in near future.

Investigating the characteristics of the three-step sorption of Sc on armchair silicene nanoribbons is the aim of this study. Since absorbed energy is the largest of the bridge, hollow, valley, and top positions, the hollow position is selected first. The structural state of the second step has an energy of adsorption of 4.18 Å and a bond length of 2.36 Å for Si-Si. Finally, ASiNRs with a high Sc atom had their 1.25 Å surface modified. Adsorbed ASiNRs resulted in new materials with semi-metal and magnetic characteristics, suggesting potential use in spintronic and electronic devices in the future.

Physical Education plays an important role in improving health and physical development, contributing to fostering personality, and meeting comprehensive educational requirements for students. This is one of the contents of comprehensive education of learners' personality in schools in general and elementary schools in particular. It can be carried out in many ways, teaching physical education is the most basic and important ways. The article presents an overview of the theoretical system of physical education activities for students in primary schools to affirm the Party and State's policy views on physical education for the youth and children generation is completely correct, plays an extremely important role in the development of each individual and contributes to improving the quality of society.

ABSTRACT The world’s financial market has recently suffered from many fluctuations due to currency changes and the crisis, especially after the bank collapsed in the United States, cryptocurrencies have become one of the leading choices made by many investors in the world. It is undoubted that the development of cryptocurrency is an inevitable trend in society's future. In that context, updating knowledge about the general development trend of the financial market as well as about the cryptocurrency system is indispensable for everyone, especially young people - the generation that holds the global economy's future. Therefore, it is urgent to present and educate the cryptocurrency framework to college students. If there is no action taken, economics instructors will run the risk their students are left back in this flourishing and endlessly changeable economy. To start the educational story about cryptocurrency, it is crucial to define the measurements of students' awareness about the medium ahead of teaching-related materials. The data of the study are collected from 355 survey samples conducted by students in Ho Chi Minh City. The survey consists of 15 questions using various scales, designed by the researchers and using MS Excel 2016 for quantitative analysis, including using percentages, frequencies. The results show that the students' awareness is still low despite the significance of knowing about cryptocurrency. But they are also gradually realizing the necessity of things and are willing to improve their own knowledge of this aspect. Keywords: education, cryptocurrencies, students’ perceptions

E-learning has many exceptional advantages in teaching and training, and it has been applied in many universities and colleges in Dong Nai with a variety of scopes and levels; especially at a time with the motto "learning everywhere at any time", Dong Nai province sees this as a good opportunity to accelerate digital transformation in education. Simultaneously, underlining that online teaching is not only a temporary solution during epidemic seasons, but also an important way to improve educational quality. The research is carried out to examine the realities of online training in higher education in order to satisfy the demands of society's need for high-quality human resources. In addition, lecturer questionnaire and student questionnaire design would be used to collect quantitative data to answer research questions through the employment of questionnaire. The survey result showed that an average score of 4.03 to 4.19 with the “agree” level in student survey and another 4.19 to 4.29 in lecturer survey. It is indicated that the attitudes of students and lecturers on the survey items are very similar through two surveys. As a result, e-learning plays an important role in conveying the knowledge to all students at anytime and anywhere.

This article presents the history of Caritas Phu Cuong as a charity and social organization that plays an important role in helping the poor and disabled people of Binh Dương province. In addition, the article will also analyze the role and contributions of Caritas Phu Cuong in the field of charity for Binh Duong province in the following aspects: medical examination and medicine distribution for the poor people; life protection program; taking care of lonely elderly people; support people with disabilities to integrate into the community; build a library of books and toys for children; organize compassion classes for children of workers in difficult circumstances; bright path scholarship (Slovakia); environmental protection and human trafficking prevention programs. Finally, the article will discuss the role, functions and scope of activities of Caritas Phu Cuong in different historical periods to adapt to the changes in the socio-political context of Vietnam.

Industrial robots have become one of the effective support tools for human labor. Robots are a solution to replace humans in repetitive tasks and in environments where humans cannot work. Robots have become one of the factors responding to the Industrial Revolution 4.0. Automatic control devices require high-precision control quality. Therefore, in this paper, we focus on researching controlling the position of the actuator accurately based on the PID algorithm. First, we study the forward and inverse kinematics of a three-joint robot. Second, we design the robot model on inventor software and transfer the 3d model in inventor software to Matlab Simmechanics. Third, modeling robot model on Simulink to simulate and evaluate the results achieved

In engineering and science problems, the data being considered are often known in the form of sets of discrete points, not as a continuous function. In applications, the values of the discrete data at specific points may be required to estimate. To solve these problems, a common mathematical approach is to use the interpolation method. In this paper, we use the cubic natural spline interpolation method to build approximate functions for some real data in Vietnam such as data on rice output and rice area of cultivation, data on expenditure and income per capita. The data used in this paper are extracted from the General Statistics Office of Vietnam. We develop some Matlab programs to find the coefficients of splines and calculate the values of the interpolation functions at specific points. Using the obtained interpolation function, some missing values in the data on income and expenditure per capita in the Southeast region of Vietnam in 2019 and 2021 are estimated. Furthermore, some unknown data on rice productivity and cultivation area are obtained in a similar manner. A good agreement between the calculated values and actual values are found.

In the accelerating pace of globalization and internationalization of trade, professionals from a wide range of organizations believed that English as an international language, which is a way of thinking, researching and practicing, was used in almost all areas of life, study, and work. That’s why the study's foremost objectives were to comprehend reading learning strategies used by English-majored students at Thu Dau Mot University. A quantitative method was used to conduct the research with a questionnaire divided into four parts. The subjects of this study are 100 English majors from the Faculty of Foreign Languages at Thu Dau Mot University. According to the results, the majority of students agree with the difficulties faced when learning English reading. Likewise, students also subscribe that they also use some reading learning strategies such as extensive reading strategy, the phonics strategy, the whole language strategy, reading comprehension strategy and vocabulary building strategy. Moreover, some solutions, such as the function of the word in the sentence, the main gist, guessing the unfamiliar word and reading aloud are recommended to them to read more effectively and improve their reading ability. Ultimately, some recommendations are made in the hope of helping both teachers and students. Keywords: challenges, English reading, reading learning strategies, Thu Dau Mot University